The human auditory organs and brain can synthesize sound quality judgments by synthesizing various indicators of sound information according to different proportions. However, the biggest problem with this judgment is that the subjective factors of the evaluator (such as habits, hobbies, quality, listening experience, etc.) cannot be excluded. As a result, the evaluation opinions are scattered and the consistency is poor. Sometimes the evaluation of the problem can not be explained, so that the designer has no compliance.
Choosing an excellent sound source as the source of the program for listening, especially for amateurs, should choose a program that they are familiar with. In this way, the difference in sound quality can be more easily heard in different combinations. For example, if you want to buy a set of equipment, it is best to find a CD with good recording quality, small nonlinear distortion, rich music and high and low sounds, and you have been impressed in the excellent combination. Then it is easier to hear the difference by using it to measure the combination you want to buy. In addition, the wide range of selected programs is more conducive to the evaluation of equipment. The size of the room, the reverberation time and its frequency characteristics not only affect the evaluation of the frequency characteristics of the loudspeaker, but also affect the requirements for sound power and power reserve. Readers should also consider the impact of these factors when the buyer is auditioning in the audition room. Due to the importance of the speaker in three major pieces (CD player, amplifier, speaker) and the variety of its quality and style, the model is usually determined according to various factors, and then according to its characteristics. Optional amplifier. As for the choice of CD player, it is relatively simple, as long as you pay attention to the grade, cost factor and several factors.
Sound evaluation terminology
1. Wide bandwidth of sound, small distortion, long linearity, large dynamic range, and even distribution. The energy in the middle and low frequency bands is more prominent, the proportion of reverberation sound is appropriate, and the sound range is wide and full and comfortable.
2, the sound is narrow (narrow)
The high and low frequencies are lacking at both ends, the frequency band is not wide, the reverberation is short, and the intermediate frequency is too prominent. If the multi-frequency tone compensator is used to increase too much at 800 Hz, the sound is narrow, the treble is lacking in level, and the bass is full. Narrow is the antisense of wide sound.
3, the sound is bright (bright)
Sometimes referred to as clarity or brightness in the evaluation. The bass range, the midrange is moderate, the treble energy is sufficient, and the harmonics are rich in the slow decay process. At the same time, the reverberation sound ratio is appropriate, the distortion is small, and the transient response is good. Brightness is a prerequisite for improved clarity and intelligibility. The brightness is good. Listening will give people a kind and active feeling. It sounds effortless and the sound is bright and outstanding.
4, the sound is dark, this is a lack of high frequency and medium and high frequency response, especially in the 5000-6000 Hz or more has a significant decline, the recording studio or listening room sound conditions are poor, medium and high frequency reverberation time is short, will be heard I felt the voice dull and radiant. Dark is the antisense of light.
5, the sound is thick and thick, strong, strong bass, high-pitched sound, there is a certain brightness, low-frequency and medium-low frequency energy is strong, especially 200-500 Hz sound comes out, mixing partner four, low-frequency reverberation is not lacking The distortion is small. The peak amplitude of the volume meter is not necessarily high when recording and playing, but the loudness is relatively large. If the microphone is properly processed in combination with the requirements of the picture in the film and television, it can give a very close-looking sound. Some units are called "thick".
6, the sound thin sound thin, lack of strength, poor resonance, less reverberation, sound energy average level is small, lack of low frequency and intermediate frequency, the entire frequency response below 300-500 Hz attenuation too much, there will be a thin feeling. Some units are called "single" and are thick antonyms.
7, the sound is round (rounded)
The frequency band is wide, the sound quality is pure, the distortion is very small, there is a certain strength and brightness, the bass is not bad, the midrange is not hard, the treble is not hairy, the transient response is good, the ratio of reverberation and direct sound, reverberation characteristics, time are compared Appropriate, aural sense: fullness, brightness, clarity, and high fax.
8, the sound is flat and flat is a commonly used evaluation term in the music department, which means that the frequency band is narrow, the sound is thin, the sound quality is impure, the distortion is large, or the reverb sound is insufficient, and the fullness is not good. Such as multi-microphone, multi-channel recording, including the phase between the sound field of the studio is very important, the phase is wrong, the sound is flat and narrow, the bass is missing, the distortion is large, and the fullness is poor. The flat is the antisense of the circle, and some units are called "瘪".
9. There are two kinds of concepts in soft sound. One is poor evaluation. It means that there is a lack of middle and high notes, the main sound is not prominent enough, the sound is not strong, and the other is a good evaluation. For example, some electroacoustic workers in the south call it “糯†or “ Soft and cooked, it means small distortion, good damping, wide frequency band widening, loose sound, low frequency and low frequency, and moderate reverberation. It feels soft and comfortable in hearing.
10, the sound of hard bass is lacking, the middle and high frequency is more, and the high frequency harmonics decay too short and too fast, the low frequency reverberation sound is short, there is obvious intermodulation distortion, the transient response is not good, the damping is poor, in the electroacoustic system or recording and playback There is a slight overload in the process or the amplitude is too high when recording a program, which will produce a hard feeling. Hard, some dramas and music workers in the South are also called "stalks", which are soft antisense.
11, the sound has moisture (or oil)
The distortion is very small, the frequency response is wide and uniform, the sound comes out, there is a certain degree of loudness and brightness, the ratio of reverberation sound to direct sound is appropriate, especially the medium and high frequency reverberation sound is sufficient, and the sense of hearing is not dry, round, there is Moisture.
12, the sound is mainly the recording studio, the listening room sound conditions are poor, the diffusion is not good, the reverberation time is short, especially the lack of high-frequency reverberation sound, it sounds dry and laborious.
In order to improve the sound quality, irregular arc-shaped diffusion plates are often added in the recording studio to increase the reflection sound or to use an artificial reverberator.
13, sound through (transparency)
The distortion is small, the transient response is good, the frequency response is wide and uniform, the medium and high frequency and high frequency are available, and the reverb sound is suitable, especially the medium and high frequency reverberation is sufficient, the bass is not paste, there is a certain strength, the sound is clear and bright, The layering is good and the tone is transparent.
14, the sound paste is ambiguous, the sound color is a piece of paste, refers to too much bass, low frequency reverberation time is too long, lack of medium and high frequency, there is intermodulation distortion, or feel the sound seems to be covered with a veil, feel in the sense of hearing Brightness, poor definition, and unclear levels.
15. The sound is solid, the average energy level of the low-frequency sound energy is large, the high-frequency and medium-high frequency are not lacking, the direct sound ratio is strong, the reverberation sound is moderate, the sound is thick, bright, the distortion is small, and the loudness is high. As explained in the movie news film, the microphone will be closer to the sound source, and there will be a strong main voice and a strong sound.
16. The sound reverberation is too large, the direct sound ratio is too small, the microphone direction is not aligned with the sound source, the microphone is too far away from the sound source, or the sound source is received by the non-directional microphone when the reverberation is large, and the sound is felt. Empty, poor definition, the main tone is not prominent, and even the direction of the sound source is unclear.
17. There are two concepts in this term. One is good evaluation, the middle and high notes are not lacking, the bass is rich and nice, the low frequency band is widened, and there is enough energy, the sound is slack and elastic, and the reverb is especially low frequency. The reverberation is slightly larger and the distortion is small. If the multi-frequency tone compensator is 4-6 decibels at 80-150 Hz, the bass sound is full. The second is the poor evaluation. If the bass is excessively exaggerated, the sound is out of balance, or the sound source itself lacks low frequency, and the low frequency resonance peak of the speaker (box) causes resonance, or damping, and the transient response is not good, it will produce a kind of The additional "bass" is dull in hearing, lacking brightness and level, which is a kind of distortion, which is a non-high fidelity sound quality.
18, sound wood bass or mid-bass more, poor sound diffusion, reverberation is short, it seems that the sound is not active, dull, medium and high frequency and high frequency lack, wood is the anti-sense of the sound.
19, the sound is soft (or loose)
Low frequency and medium and low frequency energy is sufficient, sound is thick, slack, not tight, loudness is appropriate, reverberation sound is slightly larger, distortion is small, transient response is good, medium and high frequency, high frequency is appropriate, in the main frequency band, the frequency response is relatively uniform, and A certain brightness, it sounds effortless, the sound is full and soft.
20, the sound frequency response is unevenly distributed, lack of bass, high-pitched sound, especially high-pitched components, distortion, and feel harsh in the sense of hearing.
21, the sound of coarse low-frequency sound energy density is relatively large, the middle and high frequency is relatively small, the tone color is rough, the intensity is large, and the clarity and reverberation are poor.
22, the sound of fine sound can be small density, loudness is not enough, the sound is slender and weak, lack of low frequency, high frequency and high frequency, reverberation sound is not enough, such as some sound sources themselves pronounce fine, lack of resonance. It is the antisense of thick voice.
23, the sound of the south is sometimes called "ç…ž", the sound energy density is large, the bass is suitable, the midrange is sufficient, there is a certain loudness, the distortion is small, the dynamic is large, the frequency response is wide, such as multi-microphone close-range processing plus artificial mixing As long as the appropriate amount is matched, the focus is felt, the sound is sent, and there is patience.
24, the sound shrinkage can be less dense, the sound can not be sent out, lack of intermediate frequency, less reverberation, low loudness and large distortion. For example, in some theaters with poor acoustic conditions, the reverberation is short and the diffusion is not good. The actors speak loudly and the sound still does not come out. They always feel that the sound source is farther away, the definition is poor, and the sound is not full.
25, the sound clear frequency response is wide and uniform, especially the middle and high frequency, the sound is bright, the reverberation is suitable, especially the use of the near-reflex sound within 50ms can increase the loudness and improve the clarity, the distortion is small, the transient response is good . Long reverberation, low sound level, high noise, and poor acoustic properties in recording or listening places can affect clarity.
26, the voice turbid low frequency and medium and low frequency reverberation is too large or too much energy, the direct sound ratio is small, the main melody is not prominent enough, lack of medium and high frequency, poor brightness, harmonic distortion or intermodulation distortion, transient response is not good, will Gives a feeling of turbid voice, poor definition, and unclear levels.
Nos. 27-30, 31-33, 34-35, 36-38, 39-41 are several sets of basic similarities, with similar meanings, but to a certain extent, different evaluation terms.
27, the sound hair high frequency and medium and high frequency too much, and the distortion is large, and there is instantaneous overload phenomenon, the damping is poor, the square wave has parasitic oscillation, the high-frequency additional sound is heard in the hearing, the sound is rough and not clean.
28, sound sand transmission band distortion is large, there are additional high-order harmonics, accompanied by transient distortion phenomenon, there are overload distortion in electro-acoustic devices, audio equipment, such as leakage capacitance of cross-connect capacitors in tube amplifiers, The quiescent current in the transistor amplifier is too low, the speaker voice coil is scattered or touched, and the actor's voice is not good, it may produce a hoarse feeling.
29. The sound density of the sound is too large, and the high frequency and the medium and high frequency are too much. In the recording and reproducing sound or the sound reinforcement system, the amplitude modulation distortion is serious, and there is a phenomenon of overload cutting.
30. The sound is broken and the sound density is too high, and there are serious harmonics and intermodulation distortion. From the sensor can withstand the maximum sound level of the sound source to the mixer, the linear reserve is reserved to the power headroom of the amplifier and the speaker. If any level has overload clipping distortion, it will have a broken feeling, and the serious will be accompanied by “ The murmur of the flutter, the residual magnetic induction magnetic level on the recording tape is too high, and the optical recording vocal tract has a severe over-modulation amplitude and also produces a broken sound quality. Broken, some units are called "劈".
31. The voice is boring high and high and high. There is severe attenuation above 3000-4000 Hz, high frequency reverberation is insufficient, and low frequency energy is excessive, especially around 150 Hz. The low frequency linear distortion is large and the transient response is not good. The cause of boring is that the sound source itself is boring, the electro-acoustic system is dropped at a high frequency, the pickup position is improper, the head gap is offset, the magnetic powder blocks the magnetic head, or the magnetic tape and the magnetic head are not well fitted. Sometimes the acoustic condition of the studio is poor, or it is affected by the humidity of the air, so that the high frequency absorption is strong, the reverberation is short, and the medium and high frequency diffusion is poor, which also causes the sound to be stuffy.
32, the sound is low, the intermediate frequency is exaggerated, there is resonance, the frequency response is uneven, and the reverberation is too long. For example, if the reverb is used improperly, there will be a kind of awkward "bathroom effect" with multi-frequency tones at 200-3000 Hz. Excessive boosting can also create a feeling of embarrassment that affects clarity.
33. The sound of the nose is heavy, just like the speaker has a cold nose (snoring the nose), there is resonance in the frequency band of 100~250 Hz. If the lift is too much from the 150 Hz, the nasal sound will rise significantly and the sound will be awkward, which will seriously affect the clarity.
34. The sound of the sound is not strong, the focus is imaginary, the main melody is not prominent, the reverberation is too large, the intermediate frequency is lacking, and the frequency response is uneven. The studio is empty, the microphone is too far away, and the whole band is poorly integrated, and the sound is messy.
35. Sound virtual (or floating)
Generally, the directivity of the microphone is not aligned with the sound source, the sound focus is not true, or the sound source is too far away, the direct sound is not enough, the indirect sound is too much, the middle sound is lacking, the average sound level of the sound energy is small, the loudness is low, and the sharpness is poor. . In the recording and playback system, due to the unstable speed, the position of the tape is swung and the level is shaken, and there is a sense of floating in the sense of hearing.
36. The sound is shaken and shaken. During the recording or playback, the frequency shift occurs through the mechanical transmission, causing a continuous regular volume change, and the sound is trembling. If the cycle is very low frequency, the sound is not evenly shaken, and the shaking or shaking affects the sharpness.
37. The sound has a vibrato (shake echo)
This is mainly an acoustic defect in architectural acoustics. For example, the sound source sounds in two parallel planes, or has a curved dome, which is easy to cause a vibrating echo. It sounds like continuous overlapping sound, and even the sound has a trembling phenomenon, which seriously interferes with the clarity of the sound.
38. The sound jump is incoherent. Generally, music, dialogue or singing feel abrupt changes in volume. For example, the volume is unbalanced, the grid frequency is unstable, and the tone is not uniform before and after, the background noise is not connected, the sound ending is cut off, and the actors' emotions are inconsistent. If the tape is in poor contact with the magnetic head, it will feel audible and jump, which is unnatural. Especially like film shooting is composed of one lens, therefore, it is more important to pay attention to the coherent unity of sound.
39. The sound frequency is not uniform, lack of low frequency, high frequency and high frequency, large distortion, thin sound, not thick, too much boost at 7000 ~ 8000 Hz, there is a brittle feeling.
40. Too many tones or distortions of the teeth are also called S-sounds, which is a reflection of the higher-order harmonic transient distortion of the sound during vibration. The spectral energy of Chinese pronunciation is nearly 10 decibels higher than English and Hungarian in the middle and high frequency bands. The spectrum of the consonants is wider, and the airflow from the lungs is easy to cause irregular movement of the microphone diaphragm. Therefore, in the recording In the process, if the microphone is placed too close to the sound source and no windshield is added, it is easy to cause too much or too much distortion of the tooth sound, and there is a burr or a "beep" distortion in the hearing.
41. Lead sound (or metal sound)
A certain section of the middle and high frequency has a prominent or resonant peak, the frequency response is uneven, the distortion is large, the damping is not damped, and the transient response is not good. For example, a poor quality dynamic microphone or tweeter often feels hard and is accompanied by a lead sound, which is called metal sound in the north.
The following is a comprehensive subjective evaluation:
42. The fusion frequency response is wide, the distortion is small, the signal-to-noise ratio is good, and the dynamic range is large. The songs or the various parts of the band are compared in terms of volume and pitch, and the choice of reverberators includes: characteristics, time, and proportion. Appropriate, the whole sound blends together, showing that the overall sense of the band is good, rather than hearing the sound is discrete.
43. Between clean parts, between instruments, between languages, low noise, less interference, no additional components, low sound distortion, high fax, good transient response, moderate reverberation, especially low frequency reverberation, The noise level of the recording studio and the listening room is low, the acoustic conditions are good, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the recording and playback system is good.
44. Group sense refers to the song, the band or some of its voices are neat and sound fusion with thickness, good level, strong momentum, strong overall sense, and a suitable dynamic range. For example, the arrangement of the microphone is reasonable, and the coverage of the performer is taken into consideration, and the retarder and the reverberation are appropriately utilized, which contributes to enhancing the sense of sound.
45. Stereoscopic sound is not only hierarchical, but also has a sense of space and distance. For stereo, it should reflect that the sound source is not in the same position in space, the sound image is clear, the width is good, and the sound path is recorded. The frequency response is wide, the distortion is small, the mixing is suitable, and the dynamic range is large.
46. ​​Environmental Sense This is a common term used in analog techniques in the pickup process. More emphasis on film and television, the sound should match the environment in the picture, the proportion of the characters or instruments in the picture, the distance, the close-up, the close-up, the middle view, the distant view, the panoramic view; there are halls, valleys, indoors, wild, etc. The sound should have a sense of environment, depth, and distance. This is related to the ratio of direct sound and reverberation, the length of reverberation time, and the arrangement of volume, pitch, and microphone. Try to achieve the consistency of hearing and vision. The sound conforms to the specific atmosphere.
47. Intimacy This is a comprehensive evaluation with high requirements. He requires loudness, high definition, good naturalness, moderate reverberation, wide range, low distortion and low noise level, which makes people feel good in sound conditions. The concert hall, the theater, the recording studio, listening directly to the band's performance, and speaking in person, feel intimate and natural.
48. Fullness sound is thick, round, sound power is large, there is a certain loudness, medium and high frequency is not lacking, brightness is good, especially low frequency and medium and low frequency energy is sufficient, sound is sent, channel distortion is small, transient response is good The reverberation sounds a sufficient amount. Sometimes called "warmness."
49. Balance Generally speaking, balance has two meanings: one is the natural balance of the interior, that is, the balance between the songs and the various parts of the band and the balance between the main companions. Because it is inseparable from the specific office environment, that is, architectural. Therefore, the natural balance of the interior contains the meaning of art and technology. The other is the balance of the sound pickup technology. If the natural balance in the room is good, and the finished recording is unbalanced, this is not the process technology. On the contrary, the indoor natural balance is lacking, but the process of picking up sounds properly, using technical means to make up for the shortcomings in the natural balance, so that the work has reached a balance, harmony, which is a very important work in our pickup technology.
50. Noise level This is one of the important indicators of high fidelity sound quality. The low level of noise can improve the clarity of the sound or language and expand the dynamic range of the sound. The noise includes: background noise, the noise floor of the recording and playback equipment, the popping sound of the record base, the instrument performance and the actor’s speech. Noise, recording, ambient noise in the listening venue, and the presence or absence of echo or tremor echo.
51. The level of the frequency is wide and uniform, especially in the high frequency band, the distortion is small, the transient response is good, the reverberation sound is moderate, the reverberation time is suitable, the noise level is low, the dynamic range is large, the melody line and the texture of the work, Clear balance, sound and space, good transparency and strong stereo.
52. The sound distortion is small, the simulation is high, and the sound is pure. The sound is consistent with the picture, and there is a sense of space, distance, sound effect combined with the atmosphere, and the actors' emotions and moods conform to the prescribed situation.
53. Activeness is the antisense of sound quality, dryness, and wood. The sound conditions in the studio and performance hall are good. Sound Yang is uniform, diffuse is good, reverberation is particularly moderate and high frequency is sufficient, and with a certain loudness and brightness, it feels active, it helps the music to be full and the language clear.
54. Arpeggio refers to the interference of one channel into another channel, which interferes with other sounds. Most of them use multi-microphone or multi-channel recording. Due to improper microphone or actor placement, the sound field isolation of the studio is poor. The crosstalk between the channels or the magnetic recording of the sheet-based tape is higher due to the copying effect. Generally, the crosstalk between roads is greater than -70 decibels, and the crosstalk between the recorded soundtracks is greater than -50 decibels. The isolation between the voice parts of the recording studio is greater than 14 decibels.
55, direct sound loudness direct sound and reverberation sound ratio, according to different needs can be used to create a sense of space, a certain direct sound plus the loudness of the recent launch sound, can make the sound outstanding. The reverb sound is too small, causing the sound to dry up.
56. The reverberation loudness is the loudness relative to the direct sound, because different sound sources can choose different reverberation means (including reverberation time, proportion, characteristics) according to their needs, and correct use can improve the loudness of the sound. The clarity contributes to the beautification of the sound source.
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