In recent years, China's railways have developed rapidly, and a large number of EMUs need to be repaired. The supporting projects such as the train application center and the maintenance base are also continuously put into construction. The EMU maintenance library is the main place for the maintenance and repair of the EMU. The building has a large volume, many power equipments and relatively complicated design. The lighting design of the inspection library was analyzed and discussed.
1 Shake the main project overview
The EMU maintenance warehouse has a construction area of ​​15 000 ~ 50 000 m2. According to the EMU maintenance line, it can be divided into 2 line library, 4 line library and 6 line library. It can quiet the CRH1, CRH2, CRH3 and CRH5 EMUs. Adjustment and repair. The large library is generally 520 m long, with a width of 100 to 220 m and a height of about 10 m. It is equipped with a process maintenance equipment room, a de-icing and snow-melting equipment room and an office space. The electrical load in the warehouse consists of ground power load, general process equipment load, environmentally controlled ventilation equipment load and lighting load.
2 Shake the type of lighting and illumination requirements
The maintenance library has warehouse work lighting and emergency lighting, maintenance platform work lighting, maintenance pit work lighting and side-span office lighting. When the side spans no interlayer, the side span illumination is consistent with the high space illumination in the library; when the interlayer is set, the illumination is set according to the office house. It mainly studies the design of warehouse work lighting and emergency lighting, maintenance platform and inspection pit lighting and lighting control. The illuminance values ​​of the main sites in the maintenance warehouse are shown in Table 1.
3 Shake repair warehouse lighting and emergency lighting
For the lighting design of the warehouse, you should familiarize yourself with the basic conditions of the building before design, understand the basic structure of the building, carefully study the layout of the building, and master the span, column distance, height, highest point and lowest point of the building; Internal working volume and work lighting requirements. According to the main situation of the warehouse, determine the type of light source, the form of the light fixture, and select the appropriate light source, fixture, and installation height according to the minimum height, working illumination requirements, and color rendering requirements within the same working platform within the building. After determining the lighting scheme, the main design parameters of the lighting design such as degree of degree, uniformity, uniform glare value, and illumination power density value should be calculated.
Due to the high maintenance of the truss truss, the factory uses a metal halide lamp as the light source for the factory lamp or the high-color high-pressure sodium lamp, and the ordinary high-pressure sodium lamp can be used without the color requirement. In the plane layout, in principle, the luminaire is placed under the truss beam to facilitate the installation of the luminaire. In some areas, the truss beam has been installed with a lifting and repairing platform. When the luminaire needs to be moved to the girders without beams, it can be hoisted by pulling steel cables.
3.1 Shake lighting fixture layout
Lighting fixtures are arranged according to the span of the building, the column spacing and the center distance between the tracks
Comprehensive consideration of factors such as the centerline of the track and the distance between the axis of the column, combined with the requirements of different operational contrasts, select a reasonable and economical lighting scheme. For houses with precise work in the building, local lighting can also be set according to the specific situation.
When arranging the lighting fixtures, first calculate the chamber shape index RI, and then select the appropriate light distribution category according to the RI value; perform the lighting according to the span and illuminance standard value requirements, calculate the height-to-height ratio of the cloth light; verify that the distance is high The ratio is not greater than the maximum allowable value of the selected luminaire; when it is exceeded, the lighting scheme should be adjusted or the luminaire should be replaced. Figure 1 shows a typical lighting scheme for a column spacing of 6 m. The distance from the axis of the luminaire can be adjusted according to the specific conditions in the library. If necessary, the wall-mounted luminaire can be changed. The suspension height of the luminaire is selected according to the height of the luminaire from the specified working surface, 6, 9, 12 m, etc.
In addition, the EMU maintenance library is a comprehensive maintenance library. The functions of inspection, maintenance, command and dispatch, and data monitoring are complete. There are many facilities and pipelines in the warehouse. Therefore, the construction of the warehouse is systematic and integrated, and the lamps are arranged. In order to ensure the integrity of the system, the following points should be considered under the premise of ensuring the lighting function:
(1) Since the top of the track is set to the locomotive-shaped contact net and its fixing parts for the locomotive power supply, the lighting fixtures must avoid the rail top arrangement in consideration of the maintenance and lighting requirements of the luminaire;
(2) Due to the extensive use of color steel roofs for the EMU maintenance warehouse, due to the bearing capacity, the fixtures should be arranged along the building beams on the premise of ensuring that the lamps are fixed firmly and without the cable wiring;
(3) When the luminaire is installed by wall-mounted, the bridges for water supply, heating, fire protection, etc., and the bridges for communication, information, and electric power shall be placed on the side walls of the concrete pillars (or I-beam pillars). The layout of the lamps shall be combined with the height of each pipeline. And the relative installation spacing is considered in order to avoid conflicts in installation and affect lighting effects.
3.2 Shake lamp selection
The luminaires in the large warehouse should be selected according to the environmental conditions and working conditions of the work area. At the same time, attention should be paid to the beautiful appearance and convenient installation. The following points should be noted for the selection of lamps.
(1) The light distribution curve of the luminaire. In the design, according to the suspension height of the luminaire on the shelf in the library, the luminaires with different light distributions are selected according to the RI value of the chamber shape index. When RI = 0.5 ~ 0.8, narrow light distribution lamps should be used; when RI = 0.8 ~ 1.65, medium light distribution lamps should be used; when RI = 1.65 ~ 5, wide light distribution lamps should be used.
(2) The efficiency of the luminaire. Under normal circumstances, the higher the efficiency, the better the glare limitation and light distribution requirements are met. The efficiency of the luminaire should meet the requirements of the Architectural Lighting Design Standard (GB50034-2004). In addition, consideration should be given to the safety and glare requirements of the personnel of the maintenance personnel standing on the highest level of the maintenance platform.
(3) The maximum allowable height-to-height ratio of the luminaire. In the work area, the general illumination uniformity is not less than 0.7, and the uniform illumination illumination uniformity is not less than 0.5, and the luminaire having the appropriate maximum allowable aspect ratio is selected. If the distance to height ratio is small, the uniformity is good, but the number of lamps, power consumption and investment will increase; if the distance to height ratio is too large, the illumination uniformity may not be guaranteed.
(4) Ballasts for lamps. Different ballasts should be selected for different lamps. In general, straight tubular fluorescent lamps are equipped with electronic ballasts or energy-saving magnetic ballasts; high-pressure sodium lamps and metal halide lamps are equipped with energy-saving magnetic ballasts.
(5) Environmental adaptability of the luminaire. Lamps adapted to environmental conditions should be selected according to the environmental conditions in different areas of the warehouse. In wet and dusty places, waterproof and dustproof lamps are usually used; in places with large bridge cranes and other vibrations and swings, lamps with anti-vibration and anti-shedding measures should be used.
(6) The economics of the lamps. Under the premise of ensuring the use of functions and lighting quality, you should compare the alternative luminaires and lighting schemes and choose economical and practical luminaires.
3.3 Shake distribution circuit
The general lighting distribution circuit adopts a method of dividing the distribution circuit along the truss beam to facilitate separate control of the block working area and facilitate piping wiring. The motor train inspection library has a grouped vehicle driving in. The working area is a grouped vehicle and strip-shaped areas on both sides thereof. The adjacent track areas may not need illumination, so the division of the distribution circuit is divided along the track direction. The way is easy to control and at the same time it has the effect of lighting energy saving.
3.4 Shake emergency lighting
The emergency lighting is powered by EPS, and the emergency working time should be no less than 90 min. Since the power switching time is generally greater than the power frequency half-wave time, the emergency lighting fixture cannot use the metal halide lamp, and only the dual-light source lamp can be used (the normal lighting power source for the metal halide lamp source and the emergency lighting power source for the fluorescent lamp source). The emergency luminaire is used as emergency lighting in normal lighting when it is used as work lighting or accident.
In the emergency lighting design, due to the large space inside the maintenance warehouse, the vehicle enters the emergency lighting fixtures, so the emergency lighting cannot be installed on the surrounding wall and can only be installed on the roof of the maintenance warehouse.
4 Shake the inspection platform and inspection pit lighting
Overhaul platform lighting: Due to the obstruction of the inspection platform, the lower space needs to be equipped with lamps to provide illumination for the side maintenance of the EMU. The maintenance platform lighting adopts the illumination mode of the three anti-fluorescent lamps to be installed under the inspection platform. PE lamps are required for all luminaires.
Inspection pit and integrated pipe trench lighting: Inspection pits generally use column inspection pits or wall inspection pits. The power supply for inspection pits is generally AC24V power supply. LED light source lamps and fluorescent lamps should be used. The inspection lining fixtures are installed on the steel truss girder between the rail bridge columns. The wall of the safety voltage 24 V is mounted on the steel truss beam to illuminate the bottom of the vehicle body. The spacing of the lamps (B) is generally about 6 m. The column inspection pit lamps are arranged between the columns, and the wall inspection pits can be embedded in the reserved holes. Figure 2 shows a typical lighting scheme for a 4 I 3 W high power LED luminaire.
5 shake intelligent lighting control
5.1 Shake the need for intelligent lighting control system settings
Due to the large area of ​​the EMU maintenance warehouse, there are many types of operation, the lighting control method is flexible and diverse, the number of lamps is large and the light source is mostly metal halide lamp. The current of each lighting distribution circuit is high, generally the air switch is directly connected at the distribution box. Control, traditional lighting control methods have been difficult to meet the actual requirements of the site. The maintenance warehouse distribution box is usually located at the load center, which is inconvenient for the daily operation of the staff. To this end, in order to facilitate operation management, an intelligent lighting control system was introduced to control the illumination of the large space inspection library. Through the setting of the program, at any intelligent switch, any set of lamps in the system can be opened and closed as required, and the operation of turning on, off or even adjusting the amount of light emitted by the light source can be automatically performed according to conditions such as time and illumination. Not only is it convenient for the staff, but it also has a good effect on lighting energy saving. Therefore, it is necessary to set up an intelligent lighting control system for the lighting design of the EMU maintenance warehouse.
5.2 Shake the composition of the intelligent lighting control system
The intelligent lighting control system is a distributed control network lighting management system composed of a field data bus. All components have a built-in processor, and each component on the network has an address that splits all components through a bus into a single control network.
The intelligent lighting control system is composed of a control component, an execution component, a monitoring component, and a network component. The control component includes: a control panel, a touch display screen, a detector, a controller, a smart clock, a user editor, and the like; the execution component includes: a dimming module, a switch module, and the like; and the monitoring component includes: a communication cable, a gateway, and the like. The intelligent lighting control system can realize the brightness control of each lamp or circuit through various controllers and panels according to the needs of the system, thereby achieving different lighting scenes and system control effects.
5.3 Shake intelligent lighting control system design
Firstly, the luminaires and distribution boxes in the maintenance warehouse are arranged as usual, and the loop connection is made according to the control requirements. The conventional conductors are directly connected to the distribution box. The intelligent control part is added to the intelligent lighting control system control unit, and according to the actual control requirements. Perform circuit division.
Second, arrange the control panel reasonably. The control panel is divided into a single control panel, group control panel and program setter, which can be used to replace conventional switches and to meet more control requirements through the sensors. A single control panel with the same number of loops is set at the entrance and the far distance. The lighting loop controlled by each control panel can be set by the program setter, and the control loop can be modified. If it is necessary to set the group control content, join The group control panel and the program setter are connected by signal lines between the control panel and the power distribution box in the plan view.
Again, prepare a system diagram. Each loop control capacity of the intelligent control switch module should be available in a variety of sizes, with manual switches for easy line maintenance. The control loop capacity of each switch module should be selected according to 20A. The intelligent control switch module should have grouping and delay light-on function to prevent the inrush current during centralized startup of the lamp; there should be metal halide light on-off delay protection function, that is, close After that, it needs a programmable delay time to open again; there should be a sequence control function, which can delay the switching lighting circuit according to different loads and intelligently avoid the current impact; it should provide bypass for the channel output of each lamp channel. Bypass switch for thyristor circuits. In addition, the intelligent control switch module should be installed on a 35 mm standard DIN rail for easy installation in the lighting distribution box, and also facilitate the unified management of the lighting distribution system.
5.4 Investment Analysis of Shake Intelligent Lighting Control System
The investment in the intelligent lighting control system is mainly composed of the control unit and the terminal equipment and connecting lines of each circuit. The investment of each circuit is between 1,500 and 2,000 yuan. The investment of intelligent lighting control system with 30,000 m2 of motor vehicle maintenance and repairing warehouse is 200,000 to 300,000 yuan, accounting for 1% to 2% of total power investment. The technical economy of setting up an intelligent lighting control system is high.
6 Conclusion
The railway EMU maintenance warehouse is a relatively comprehensive building (group). The EMUs involved in the maintenance work are more diverse, so different operation requirements should be met during the lighting design process. High-color sodium lamps with metal halide lamps or medium-high color development should be used in areas with a height of more than 6 m; high-color three-base fluorescent lamps should be used for areas where strict color recognition is required; for places that are easy to reach and have low installation heights (management pits) LED Lamps and fluorescent lamps with special low-voltage power supply should be used. In addition, the length of the railway EMU warehouse is long. In order to improve the efficiency of the staff and facilitate operation, an intelligent lighting control system should be adopted.
Editor: Li Xiangnan
Solar Street Light Poles,Solar Power Street Light Pole,Solar Led Street Light Pole,Outdoor Solar Street Light Poles
Jiangsu Bosiwei Optoelectronics Group Co.,ltd , https://www.bswledled.com