Internet of Things
At present, the industry does not yet have a completely unified concept of the Internet of Things, but the generally accepted concept is to transmit information through radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared sensors, global positioning system (GPS), laser scanners, environmental sensors, image sensors, etc. Sensing equipment, according to the agreed protocol, connects any item to the Internet for information exchange and communication to realize a network of intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management. According to the above definition, the author divides the Internet of Things into three levels according to the data flow and processing methods in the network: One is the sensor network layer, that is, the two-dimensional code, RFID, and sensors are mainly used to realize the "thing" or environmental status. Identification; the second is the transmission network layer, that is, the transmission of data and calculation through the existing Internet, radio grid, communication network or the next generation Internet (IPv6); the third is the application network layer, that is, the input and output control terminals, including computers , Mobile phones and other terminals.
Internet of Things Terminal
The Internet of Things terminal is a device that connects the sensor network layer and the transmission network layer in the Internet of Things to realize data collection and data transmission to the network layer. It is responsible for multiple functions such as data collection, preliminary processing, encryption, and transmission.
Second, the basic principles and functions of IoT terminals
principle:
The Internet of Things terminal is basically composed of three parts: a peripheral sensing (sensing) interface, a central processing module and an external communication interface. It is connected to a sensing device through the peripheral sensing interface, such as an RFID card reader, an infrared sensor, an environmental sensor, etc. After the data of these sensing devices are read and processed by the central processing module, they are sent to the designated central processing platform of Ethernet through external communication interfaces such as GPRS module, Ethernet interface, WIFI, etc. according to the network protocol.
effect:
The Internet of Things terminal belongs to the middle device of the sensor network layer and the transmission network layer, and is also a key device of the Internet of Things. Only through its conversion and collection can various external perception data be collected and processed, and the data can be passed through various network interface methods. Transfer to the Internet. Without his presence, the sensor data will not be sent to the designated location, and the networking of "things" will no longer exist.
3. Classification of IoT terminals
1. From industry applications
It mainly includes industrial equipment detection terminal, facility agriculture detection terminal, logistics RFID identification terminal, power system detection terminal, security video monitoring terminal, etc. The main characteristics of the terminal are introduced below in several common industries.
Industrial equipment testing terminal:
This type of terminal is mainly installed on large equipment in factories or large sports machinery in industrial and mining enterprises. It is used to collect data such as displacement sensors, position sensors (GPS), vibration sensors, liquid level sensors, pressure sensors, and temperature sensors. The wired network or wireless network interface is sent to the central processing platform for data aggregation and processing, realizing the timely tracking of the operating status of factory equipment and the status confirmation of large machinery, to achieve the purpose of safe production. Anti-electromagnetic interference and anti-riot are the key points of consideration for such terminals.
Facility agriculture testing terminal:
The terminal is generally placed in a greenhouse / greenhouse of facility agriculture. It mainly collects data of air temperature and humidity sensors, soil temperature sensors, soil moisture sensors, light sensors, and gas content sensors. The data is packaged, compressed, and encrypted through the terminal ’s cable. The network or wireless network interface is sent to the central processing platform for data aggregation and processing. This system can promptly discover environmental factors that are not conducive to the growth of crops in agricultural production and notify users to correct these factors within the first time, improve crop yields, and reduce the probability of occurrence of pests and diseases. The anti-corrosion and moisture-proof design of the terminal will be the focus of this type of terminal.
Logistics RFID identification terminal:
This type of equipment is divided into fixed, vehicle-mounted and hand-held. The fixed type is generally installed at the entrance of the warehouse or other cargo channels. The vehicle-mounted device is installed in the logistics transport vehicle. The handheld is used by the user. The fixed type generally only has the identification function, which is used to track the entry and exit of goods. The vehicle-mounted and hand-held types generally have GPS positioning functions and basic RFID tag scanning functions, which are used to identify the status, location, performance and other parameters of the goods. The location information and basic cargo information are transmitted to the central processing platform through a wired or wireless network. Through the identification of the cargo status of the terminal, logistics management becomes very smooth and convenient, greatly improving the efficiency of logistics.
2. From the occasion of use
It mainly includes the following three types: fixed terminal, mobile terminal and handheld terminal.
Fixed terminal
It is used in fixed occasions, fixed all year round, has reliable external power supply and reliable wired data link, and detects various fixed equipment, instruments or environmental information, such as the aforementioned terminals for facility agriculture and industrial equipment. class.
Mobile terminal
It is used when the terminal and the detected device move together. Because this type of terminal often moves, it does not have a very reliable external power supply. It needs to transmit data through a wireless data link. It mainly detects such as images, location, and sports equipment. Certain physical states, etc. Such terminals generally need to have good anti-seismic and anti-electromagnetic interference capabilities, in addition, the processing power of the power supply is also strong, and some have backup power supplies. Some in-vehicle instruments, in-vehicle video surveillance, and truck / bus GPS positioning all use this type of terminal.
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