Electrical energy saving application measures

1. Energy saving measures for transformers

That is to reduce the active loss of the transformer. The active loss of the transformer is calculated as follows: ΔΡ=Ρo+β2Pκ where ΔΡ is the active loss of the transformer (KW); Ρo is the no-load loss (KW) of the transformer; Ρκ is the short-circuit loss (KW) of the transformer; β is the transformer Load rate. (1) Po as the no-load loss of the transformer, also known as iron loss, it is composed of iron core eddy current loss and leakage magnetic loss, the value is related to the core material and manufacturing process, and has nothing to do with the load, so when selecting the transformer Choose energy-saving transformers such as S9, SL9, SC8, etc. They adopt high-quality cold-rolled oriented silicon steel sheets. Due to the “orientation” treatment, the magnetic domain direction of the silicon steel sheet is nearly uniform, and the core eddy current loss is reduced. The 45 degree full-slope joint structure makes the joints have good adhesion and reduces. Magnetic leakage loss. (2) Pκ is the transformer rated load transmission loss, also known as transformer line loss, which depends on the resistance of the transformer winding and the current flowing through the winding, and is proportional to the square of the load rate. Therefore, when selecting a transformer, a winding with a small resistance value, such as a copper core transformer, should be used. When βPκ is used to find its extreme value, it is the load per kilowatt at β=50%. At this time, the energy consumption of the transformer is the smallest, but only the transformer line loss is reduced at β=50% load rate, and the transformer is not reduced. Iron damage is therefore not the most energy efficient. Comprehensive initial installation costs, transformers, high and low voltage cabinets, civil construction investment and operating expenses, and the appropriate margin for the transformer during the period of use, the load rate of the most economical and energy-saving operation of the transformer is generally between 75% and 85%. (3) When selecting the capacity and number of transformers, the investment and annual operating costs should be comprehensively considered according to the load situation. The load should be allocated reasonably, and the transformer with the capacity and electric load should be selected to work in the high efficiency and low consumption area.

2, reduce power supply and distribution line losses

Line loss is an important indicator for the economic operation of power distribution lines. Since the distribution line has resistance, power loss will occur when there is current passing through it. The formula is: ΔΡ=3I2R·10-3 where: ΔΡ is the three-phase transmission line Power loss (KW); I is the line current (A); R is the line phase resistance (Ω). When the "R" line resistance is constant, the longer the line length, the larger the resistance value. In the specific project, the current on the line is generally constant, then to reduce the line loss, only reduce the line resistance. The resistance of the line R=ρL/S, which is proportional to the wire resistivity ρ and the wire length L, is inversely proportional to the wire cross section S. To reduce the resistance value should be considered from the following aspects: (1) Try to use a wire with a small resistivity ρ, such as a copper core wire, and an aluminum wire. (2) Minimize the length of the wire. In the design, the line should be as straight as possible and take a detour, and in the low-voltage power distribution, try not to go or go back. The substation should be as close as possible to the load center to reduce the power supply radius. (3) Increasing the cross-sectional area of ​​the conductor. For the longer line, under the premise of satisfying the current carrying capacity, thermal stability, protection coordination and voltage drop requirements, the first-line section is increased when the line section is selected.

Such increased line costs, due to energy conservation, reduce annual operating costs, and it is cost-effective to consider energy-saving economy.

3. Lighting energy saving measures

(1) Make full use of natural light, according to the change of illumination of natural light, the sub-components control the opening and closing of the lamps. Appropriately increase the lighting switch point when designing, that is, the number of each switch control lamp should not be too large for management and energy saving. For outdoor lighting systems, it is best to use a photoelectric controller instead of a lighting switch to save power. The rocker switch control is arranged on the socket panel, when the electric equipment is not used, the power of the socket can be cut off conveniently, and the no-load loss of the device can be eliminated, thereby achieving the purpose of saving electricity.

(2) Effectively control the installation power of the unit area. According to the visual requirements of lighting design specifications, illuminance standards, lighting power density, etc., under the premise of meeting the lighting quality, the general room and public places should give priority to the use of compact fluorescent lamps and high-efficiency fluorescent lamps, outdoor lighting of stadiums and factories. High-efficiency gas discharge sources such as metal halide lamps and high-pressure sodium lamps should be used for lighting.

(3) Use electrical accessories with low energy consumption and excellent light source, such as energy-saving magnetic ballasts, electronic ballasts, electronic transformers and electronic triggers. Fluorescent lamps in public buildings should use lamps with reactive compensation. Electronic fluorescent ballasts are preferred for compact fluorescent lamps, and electronic triggers are preferred for gas discharge lamps.

4, motor energy saving measures

The electric motors in the building electrical are matched with the equipment of the HVAC, waterway, construction and other types of work, and are uniformly supplied by the equipment manufacturers. Therefore, its energy-saving measures can only be implemented in the operation process, in addition to using local compensation capacitors to reduce the active losses caused by the transmission of the pre-reactive power, it should also reduce the light and no-load operation of the motor. In this way, the efficiency of the motor at light loads can be improved, and the purpose of energy saving can be achieved. In addition, other power-saving ways include selecting the appropriate motor capacity according to economic operation, reducing the light load and no-load running time, and ensuring that the power supply voltage of the motor is basically normal.