Just as each MOSFET requires a gate driver to switch it, there is always a driving force behind each motor. Drive motors are available in a variety of ways depending on complexity and system cost, size and performance requirements.
The simplest and discrete solution is a totem pole/push-pull circuit consisting of two transistors. These transistors can be different combinations of NPN and PNP transistors, producing an amplifier that converts the input logic signal into a high current signal, which in turn turns the MOSFET and IGBT on and off. In Figure 1, a transmitter is connected to provide an amplified output to drive the FET. This solution has been widely used in many different applications, including motor drives, primarily because of its low cost and ease of use, but there are still some limitations and disadvantages.
Figure 1: Typical push-pull/totem pole gate drive circuit
For example, transistors can generate heat and cause heat dissipation problems in some systems. Or both transistors are turned on briefly, causing the circuit to pass. For applications with limited PCB space, the totem pole circuit is not an ideal choice because it requires multiple components to implement the gate drive function. For higher output voltages, the solution shown in Figure 1 requires an additional level shifting circuit to achieve voltage levels on the output and input when driving a switch using a controller that only provides 5V or less. Transistors and level shifting circuits increase the number of bill of materials (BOM) and required printed circuit board (PCB) space for totem pole circuit solutions.
A gate driver integrated circuit (IC) can solve these problems. The gate driver IC implements the same functionality as the totem pole circuit, but with many additional benefits:
· The gate driver IC saves space and resources because it integrates all components into a single package. Therefore, the physical size is smaller, the design is more direct, and the assembly is easier.
· The gate driver IC simplifies board layout and reduces design uncertainty because the data sheet has all specifications.
• The drive current is not limited to the input base current and gain, so the drive capability is stronger, reducing switching losses and increasing efficiency.
· Protection features such as undervoltage lockout (UVLO) and “anti-straight through†increase the robustness of the system.
While totem pole circuits have been popular for many years as a mature solution, modern and future systems require higher levels of integration and higher performance. As semiconductor technology advances, the cost of gate driver ICs can be compared to discrete circuits, making IC solutions more attractive and feasible for most applications.
TI offers a broad portfolio of gate drivers for almost all markets and applications. TI's gate drivers support non-isolated solutions with voltages up to 620V and isolation solutions with voltages up to 5kV. The LM5109B is a versatile solution for motor solutions below 100V. See the TI Gate Drivers page for more details.
If you prefer a more integrated solution, the system-level solution not only provides gate drive capability, but also MOSFETs, on-chip communication, and different levels of protection and control, all in one chip. These solutions further reduce physical size and design uncertainty. For example, TI's DRV8xxx series is a versatile solution for brushed DC, brushless DC and stepper motors. See the TI Motor Drivers page for more information.
All options have their strengths and weaknesses, and you need to choose the option that works best for your system. Start designing with the various solutions offered by TI and you'll find the right solution.
other information
· View these motor driver reference designs:
· 230 V, 3.5 kW PFC, efficiency > 98%, BOM and size optimized reference design.
· 18 V / 400 W 98% efficient compact Brushless DC Motor driver reference design with stall current limit.
· 24V, 100W / 30W dual sensor brushless DC motor drive reference design.
· Download the white paper "Electrical and Electrical in Motor Drives: Where?"
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