We chose non-polar capacitors. I don't know if you have noticed the parameters of X5R, X7R, Y5V, COG, etc., which are very strange. Some of them are confusing. I have read the relevant documents for this purpose. Dedicated to everyone.
These parameters describe the dielectric material type, temperature characteristics, and error parameters used in the capacitor. Different values ​​also correspond to a range of capacitance capacities. Specifically, it is:
X7R is commonly used for capacitors with a capacity of 3300pF~0.33uF. This type of capacitor is suitable for filtering, coupling, etc. The dielectric constant is relatively large. When the temperature changes from 0°C to 70°C, the capacitance change is ±15%.
Y5P and Y5V are commonly used for capacitors with a capacity of 150pF~2nF. The temperature range is wide. With temperature changes, the capacitance varies from ±10% or +22%/-82%.
For other coding and temperature characteristics, you can refer to Table 4-1. For example, X5R means that the normal operating temperature of the capacitor is -55 ° C ~ +85 ° C, the corresponding capacitance capacity changes ± 15%.
Table 4-1 Temperature and capacity error codes for capacitors
Below we only introduce the performance and application of the commonly used NPO, X7R, Z5U and Y5V and the ordering items that should be paid attention to in order to attract everyone's attention. Different companies may have different naming methods for the above different performance capacitors. Here we refer to the AVX company naming method. For other companies' products, please refer to the company's product manual. The main difference between NPO, X7R, Z5U and Y5V is that their filling media are different. In the same volume, the capacity of the capacitor composed of different filling media is different, and the dielectric loss and capacity stability of the capacitor are also different. Therefore, when using capacitors, different capacitors should be selected according to the different roles of capacitors in the circuit.
An NPO capacitor
NPO is one of the most commonly used monolithic ceramic capacitors with temperature compensation characteristics. Its filling medium consists of ruthenium, osmium and some other rare oxides. NPO capacitors are one of the most stable capacitors for capacitance and dielectric loss. The capacity change is 0 ± 30 ppm / ° C at temperatures from -55 ° C to + 125 ° C, and the capacitance changes with frequency less than ± 0.3 ΔC. The drift or hysteresis of the NPO capacitor is less than ±0.05%, which is negligible relative to film capacitance greater than ±2%. Its typical capacity changes by less than ±0.1% relative to the service life. NPO capacitors vary in capacitance and dielectric loss with frequency depending on the package form. Large package sizes are better than small package sizes.
The range of capacities that can be selected for the NPO capacitor is given below.
Package DC=50V DC=100V 0805 0.5---1000pF 0.5---820pF 1206 0.5---1200pF 0.5---1800pF 1210 560---5600pF 560---2700pF 2225 1000pF---0.033μF 1000pF-- -0.018μF
NPO capacitors are suitable for use in oscillators, tank tank capacitors, and coupling capacitors in high frequency circuits.
Two X7R capacitors
The X7R capacitor is called a temperature stable ceramic capacitor. When the temperature changes from -55 ° C to +125 ° C, its capacity changes to 15%. It should be noted that the capacitor capacity change is nonlinear at this time.
The capacity of the X7R capacitor is different under different voltage and frequency conditions, and it also changes with time, about 1% ΔC every 10 years, showing a change of about 5% in 10 years.
X7R capacitors are mainly used in less demanding industrial applications, and their capacity changes are acceptable when the voltage changes. Its main feature is that the capacitance can be made larger under the same volume.
The range of capacities that can be selected for the X7R capacitor is given below.
Package DC=50V DC=100V0805 330pF---0.056μF 330pF---0.012μF1206 1000pF---0.15μF 1000pF---0.047μF1210 1000pF---0.22μF 1000pF---0.1μF2225 0.01μF---1μF 0.01 μF---0.56μF
Three Z5U capacitor
Z5U capacitors are called "universal" ceramic monolithic capacitors. The first thing to consider here is the temperature range of use. The main reason for the Z5U capacitor is its small size and low cost. For the above three ceramic monolithic capacitors, the Z5U capacitor has the largest capacitance at the same volume. However, its capacitance is greatly affected by environmental and working conditions, and its aging rate can be reduced by up to 5% every 10 years.
Despite its unstable capacity, it has a wide range of applications due to its small size, low equivalent series inductance (ESL) and low equivalent series resistance (ESR), and good frequency response. Especially in the application of decoupling circuits.
The value range of the Z5U capacitor is given below.
Package DC=25V DC=50V0805 0.01μF---0.12μF 0.01μF---0.1μF1206 0.01μF---0.33μF 0.01μF---0.27μF1210 0.01μF---0.68μF 0.01μF---0.47μF2225 0.01 μF---1μF 0.01μF---1μF
Other technical indicators of Z5U capacitors are as follows:
Operating temperature range +10 ° C --- +85 ° C temperature characteristics +22% ---- -56% dielectric loss up to 4%
Four Y5V capacitors
The Y5V capacitor is a general-purpose capacitor with a temperature limit of +22% to -82% in the range of -30 ° C to 85 ° C. The high dielectric constant of Y5V allows the fabrication of capacitors up to 4.7μF in smaller physical sizes.
The value range of the Y5V capacitor is as follows
Package DC=25V DC=50V0805 0.01μF---0.39μF 0.01μF---0.1μF1206 0.01μF---1μF 0.01μF---0.33μF1210 0.1μF---1.5μF 0.01μF---0.47μF2225 0.68μF ---2.2μF 0.68μF---1.5μF
Other technical indicators of Y5V capacitors are as follows:
Operating temperature range -30 ° C --- +85 ° C temperature characteristics +22% ---- -82% dielectric loss up to 5%
The chip capacitor naming method can be found on the AVX website.
Characteristics and main uses of NPO, X7R and Y5V capacitors
Characteristics and main uses of NPO
It is a Class 1 ceramic medium with stable electrical performance and basically does not change with time, temperature and voltage. It is suitable for high-reliability and high-stability high-frequency and ultra-high frequency applications. Characteristics: Capacitance range 1pF~0.1uF (1±0.2V rms 1MHz) Ambient temperature: -55°C～+125°C Group: CG temperature characteristics: 0±30ppm/°C loss tangent: 15x10-4 insulation resistance: ≥ 10GΩ electric strength: 2.5 times rated voltage 5 seconds surge current: ≤50 mA
X7R features and main uses
It belongs to Class 2 ceramic media, and its electrical performance is relatively stable. Its characteristics change little with time, temperature and voltage. It is suitable for high coupling, bypass, source wave circuit and frequency below 10 megahertz. Characteristics: Capacitance range 300pF~3.3uF (1.0±0.2V rms 1KHz) Ambient temperature: -55°C～+125°C Group: 2X1 Temperature characteristics: ±15% loss tangent: 100Volts: 2.5% max50Volts: 2.5% max25Volts : 3.0% max16Volts: 3.5% max10Volts: 5.0% max insulation resistance: ≥4GΩ or ≥100S/C (unit: MΩ) Anti-electricity: 2.5 times rated voltage 5 seconds Surge current: ≤50 mA
Y5V characteristics and main uses
It belongs to Class 2 ceramic media and has a high dielectric constant. It can easily achieve small volume and large capacity. Its capacity changes with temperature, but the cost is lower. Widely used in applications where capacity and loss are not high. Characteristics: Capacitance range 1000pF~22uF (0.3V 1KHz) Ambient temperature: -30°C～+85°C Temperature characteristics: ±22%～-82% loss tangent: 50Volts: 3.5%25Volts: 5.0%16Volts: 7.0% insulation Resistance: ≥4GΩ or ≥100S/C (Unit: MΩ) Anti-electricity: 2.5 times rated voltage 5 seconds Surge current: ≤50 mA
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