In addition to lithium and nickel batteries, a variety of mobile handheld devices are typically powered by two AA or AAA alkaline batteries that are non-rechargeable or rechargeable for safety, convenience, and cost reasons. These AA and AAA batteries are also made of nickel metal hydride or new cylindrical lithium chemistry. Many of these mobile devices are also powered by USB and/or AC adapters. However, managing multiple input power paths into handheld devices is an increasingly complex task because of the multiple supply voltages with sequencing requirements, the need for optimal efficiency, and very limited space. These factors have led to the development of highly integrated power management ICs (PMICs) for space-constrained battery-powered devices, examples of which include personal navigation devices (PNDs), digital still cameras (DSCs), handheld computers, and media playback. , ultra-small video recorders and portable medical equipment.
When using a handheld device powered by two AA/AAA batteries and a 5V AC adapter/USB port, one of the biggest challenges is to be able to provide a fixed 3V or 3.3V output to the main power rail and give a micro The processor or DSP core voltage and memory supply provide two low voltage (1.Xv) outputs. If the device is powered by a 5V AC adapter/USB port, then only step-down DC/DC conversion is required. However, if the device is powered by two alkaline batteries, then a buck-boost DC/DC converter is required to provide a 3V or 3.3V main supply rail, as well as a step-down DC/DC converter. Power supply for low voltage (1.xV) rails. This is because the discharge curve of two AA batteries (nickel or alkaline) starts from about 3.25V and drops to about 1.8V. However, if a new cylindrical lithium AA and AAA battery is used, this range moves up by about 0.3V (the high voltage side moves to about 3.6V), which further leads to the need for a buck-boost converter to discharge the entire battery. Adjust the 3.0V/3.3V rail within range.
In addition, the ability to independently manage and optimize input power supplies such as USB, AC adapters, and batteries while minimizing the amount of heat generated in portable handheld products presents significant design challenges. Designers have traditionally used discrete components such as MOSFETs and op amps to perform this function, but have also faced issues such as hot swapping, excessive heat generation, large inrush currents to loads, and large voltage transients, all These issues have a negative impact on system reliability.
Reduce heatMany analog PMICs offer a variety of on-chip linear regulators. However, linear regulators can create local "hot spots" in the product without adequate copper trace routing, heat sinks, or well-designed input/output voltages and output currents. Alternatively, the switching regulator provides a more efficient step-down mode when the difference between the input and output voltages is large and/or if the output current is large. Their use is common in today's feature-rich devices with on-chip low-voltage microprocessors. As a result, it is inevitable to implement a switch mode based power supply for most voltage rails. Since linear battery chargers are a heat source, they also cause thermal problems.
Key challenges for system designers from multi-section AA/AAA battery-powered electronic devices include:
• Power the IC with two or three AA/AAA form factor (disposable batteries) batteries;
• Adjust 3V or 3.3V over the entire battery discharge voltage range
• Efficiently provide additional system voltage rails • Minimize any power dissipated as heat • Manage power selection between multiple input sources • Provide correct power sequencing for multiple voltage rails • Minimize Standby or no load current for battery extraction • Minimize solution footprint and height
Linear Technology's PMICs feature PowerPathTM control and other best-in-class components such as high-efficiency programmable buck-boost and step-down switching regulators that are simple and easy to solve. These design challenges. This is because Linear Technology has adopted a different approach to PMIC development, providing a compact solution with tighter screening integration without any performance compromise.
A key feature of many of Linear Technology's PMICs is power path control. This automatic load prioritization manages the power path between multiple input sources such as USB ports, AC adapters, and batteries autonomously and seamlessly, and in some cases (linear and switching modes) can control the supply of power to the load. Low-loss switching power supply path control does not control the power to the load, but it does have many advantages over traditional industrial PMIC control methods. Input power is fed to the IC from any of two input sources, such as two AA or AAA batteries or one USB/AC adapter power input, and the power path is automatically selected. The output rail is generated from any input voltage source that uses a high efficiency switching regulator. The buck regulator has three instead of the typical two switching FETs. This has the advantage of removing a series power control component (buck regulator or linear regulator) at the input, which increases efficiency and reduces heat generation. Essentially, it is a zero-loss or low-loss switching power supply path.
Furthermore, in conventional battery feed charging systems, the user must wait until sufficient battery charging and voltage are provided to obtain system power. Therefore, an added benefit of low-loss (and other types of) power path control is that regardless of the state of charge of the battery, when USB input is added, the operation can be "on-the-fly" and all outputs are immediately valid.
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