In the past two years, Beiqi, Lifan and Time and Space Electric have proved different ways in different fields. The vehicle-oriented power-exchange operation mode can be done well in limited fields. The change mode of BAIC is the chassis power change, which is mainly used in taxis; time and space are side-by-side power exchange, mainly used in network car, taxi, logistics car; Lifan uses sub-box power exchange mode, mainly used in Timeshare rental car.
The development of electric vehicles and the development of corresponding charging/replacement stations are complementary and can be explained by the famous “bilateral network market relationship†in economics. The promotion and application of electric vehicles depends on whether the size of the charging/replacement power station can be formed. At the same time, whether the charging/replacement power station can be formed depends on the sales status of electric vehicles in the market. Before the marketization of electric vehicles becomes mature, these two aspects The factors are all very important. Vehicle companies cannot wait until the charging/replacement stations are built to carry out the marketing of electric vehicles. The development of electric vehicles and the development of charging/replacement stations should go hand in hand to develop together.
Resistance to the development of the power exchange modeThe resistance to the development of the power-changing model is not from technology, but from product standardization, from the business model, from the OEMs, power exchange operators, and the interests of the three parties are not uniform.
Under the traditional business model, OEMs are the most capable parties to speak because of their strong resource integration capabilities. However, in the power-exchange mode dominated by the State Grid, the part of the battery that accounts for 30%-40% of the total price of the vehicle was taken away. The car company not only lost the added value generated by the sale of the battery, but also the subsequent service-changing service camp. It has not received any benefits, but also cooperates with the national grid security and battery systems with unclear standards. Naturally, it is unwilling to cooperate.
At present, the types of batteries used in electric vehicles are various, and the battery module structure of the passenger cars is different depending on the design of the vehicle. Therefore, it is difficult for the vehicle manufacturers and the vehicle enterprises to realize the common use of the battery products and the power exchange equipment. The game between the car companies.
Another resistance to the power-changing mode comes from the high up-front cost, where the battery is big. Generally, in the cost measurement of the power station, the backup battery ratio is set to 1:1.5, with 50% redundancy. In the future development of vehicle networking technology, it is not difficult to constantly monitor the SOC of the vehicle and change the circuit line and frequency. Based on the data, the switching behavior can be predicted, so we believe that the redundancy can be effectively reduced.
Tesla gave up the Tesla modeIn June 2013, Tesla introduced a power-changing technology. Compared with Tesla's mature charging service, the service of the replacement requires the owner to pay for the service. The price of a service is 60-80 USD. In comparison, gasoline costs are cheaper. What is more painful for the user is that the user must return to the power station to exchange the battery. If not, the user needs to make up the difference between the old and new batteries.
Why does Tesla have no car and electricity separation, no battery rental? Tesla's fast charge mode, with 120kw fast charge for 20 minutes can be filled with 50%, charging free treatment, the focus is Tesla super charging pile has been all over the United States, etc., the future Power supply may be more and more convenient, as an ordinary user, it is easy to make a choice.
It must be emphasized here that Tesla's success comes from several aspects of the first-mover advantage, high-endurance mileage locks some users, and the perfect super-charge network guarantees convenience to customers. Tesla's power-changing mode did not really achieve car-electric separation, and the poor user experience forced it to give up the Tesla-style power-changing mode.
The necessity of the development of the power exchange modeThe technical aspect needs to be considered that the impact of high-rate fast charge on battery performance is irreversible. The convenience of fast charge is the consumer's enthusiasm, but the fast charge causes the life cycle of the power battery to be greatly reduced, so the life cycle cost is greatly increased. high.
At the macro level, it is necessary to consider that in the early stage of the development of electric vehicles, the number of electric vehicles is small, and the number of overcharged or fast-charged bases is low, which has less impact on the power grid. However, as the number of electric vehicles has risen sharply, the fast charging station will inevitably cause greater disturbance to the power grid. For example, an electric car with a capacity of 50 kWh needs a power of 500 kW if it takes 6 minutes to fully refuel. The power of a 30-story 50,000-square office building is mainly used in the central air conditioner. -5000KW, ten 10C fast charge can reach the power consumption of a building. It can be imagined how much the fast charge affects the power grid. Therefore, fast charging can not be the only technology for the development of electric vehicles, and the power exchange mode will become a necessary supplement for the development of electric vehicles.
The power-changing mode has a smaller footprint, improved efficiency, facilitates centralized management, and ensures battery life. Recently, the cycle cost is greatly reduced. After the separation of the vehicle and the vehicle, the residual value of the used car is further guaranteed.
The electric vehicle industry has a huge pattern. The whole vehicle, power grid and battery are the “three troikas†of this industry. They need to work together and benefit each other. Without any link, electric vehicles cannot realize commercialization and promote industrialization. In the future, the development of the replacement model for bare car sales and battery rental will require the three parties to go hand in hand. The rapid development of electric vehicles requires the development of the power exchange mode to support.
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