An important reason for the lack of strength in the chip industry in China is the chip education and the abnormality of talent assessment. China Youth Daily reported on April 24th that Li Xiaodong, an associate professor at Beijing Jiaotong University, was recently worried that he saw the discussion on ZTE and the national chip. There are many technological gaps, and less attention is paid to talent issues. In his opinion, the more fundamental problem in the shortage of domestically produced chips is the “top-heavy†education of computer talents in China.
He observed that undergraduates and postgraduates majoring in computer science are generally reluctant to learn a more basic computer system structure, but are more concerned with computer applications.
"The talent pool in the university's chip industry is worrying. Almost everyone is doing something about computer applications rather than basic things." Li Xiaodong understands the objective differences in talent between the computer basic field and the application field. "The college says that the employment rate, Students look at market expectations, but he believes that there is a big difference between salary and total talent.
According to the White Paper of China's Integrated Circuit Industry Talents (2016-2017) published by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Software and Integrated Circuits Promotion Center (CSIP) in May 2017, the total number of integrated circuit employees in China is currently less than 300,000. People, but according to the total output value, it needs 700,000 people, and the total amount of personnel training is seriously insufficient.
400,000 chip talent gap how to make up? The answer to the question is not only hidden in the education sector.
Chip talent gap 400,000 "Top-heavy"
"Essentially, it is all about teaching students how to use computers instead of teaching students how to build computers. Just like a car professional teaches a bunch of drivers." Talking about chip talents, the researcher of the Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, "Godson" Hu Weiwu, head of the processor, has a lot to say. In his view, China's chip industry personnel training is extremely uneven, most of the talents are concentrated in the technical application level, but there are too few talented people to study underlying systems such as algorithms and chips.
He readily gave a practical example: The vast majority of Internet companies are programming in Java, with a corresponding talent pool of hundreds of thousands or even millions, but researching Java virtual machines (simulating various computers on real computers) There are very few talented people who have abstracted the function of the computer. "When I started my business in 2010, I didn't even have 10 people." Today, the number of people in the country may still not exceed 100.
"University education requires not only the use of computer talents, but also an architecture, an operating system, and the development of these teaching systems." Hu Weiwu called for computer professionals to strengthen basic personnel training.
On this issue, Li Guojie, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and an honorary chairman of the Chinese Computer Society, has summarized it into four words: "Top-heavy." He mentioned that the reserve of talents and training are relatively weak, which is a key factor in the gap between China's chip semiconductor industry and the international top level.
The White Paper pointed out that from 1999 to 2016, the average annual growth rate of China's IC design composites was 44.91%, which was booming. However, China's integrated circuit industry has weak independent innovation capabilities, and key core technologies have high external dependence and lack of talents.
According to the "National Integrated Circuit Industry Promotion Program," the industrial scale will expand by more than five times by 2030, and the demand for talent will increase exponentially. The supply of industrial talent does not match the growth rate of industrial development. Relying on universities to cultivate ICs (integrated circuit) talents cannot meet the requirements of industrial development.
The white paper points out that the annual salary of R&D professionals in IC companies is nearly 300,000 yuan, and that of manufacturing professionals is nearly 200,000 yuan. The average annual salary of fresh graduates with bachelor degree in chip design is nearly 150,000 yuan, and the doctoral degree is nearly 300,000 yuan. The survey shows that 80% of companies pay their salary once a year, and the percentage of each salary increase is between 5% and 10%.
However, this salary level is significantly lower than that of Internet companies' hot posts, especially those of big data and artificial intelligence. Recruitment information on internet talent recruitment websites such as Lagounet shows that the graduates of computer majors and artificial intelligence talents with 4 to 5 years of work experience can receive a maximum monthly salary of 40,000 yuan, considering that many Internet companies will send 12 months For the above salary, the final annual salary may exceed 500,000 yuan.
Obvious salary differences have led to a number of chip R&D talents who have accumulated deep in the infrastructure field and have begun to transition to the Internet application field. Qin Lin (a pseudonym) is one of them. According to him, the salary of the chip R&D institutions or enterprises working in first-tier cities in the north is often inferior to the remuneration that first-tier Internet companies can provide, and Internet giants such as Ali and Baidu have also started to lower levels. Core technology research and development to increase investment.
The talent assessment system in the IT field has changed.
The "top-heavy" problem made Li Yudong very worried. He said that if this situation continues to develop, there will be no talent available for computer research in the next three to five years. "Solving this problem requires systematic construction to root and cure the problem."
Li Guojie analyzed that the reason why domestic IT personnel training has a “top-heavy†problem is because the underlying technologies such as chips have a relatively high threshold, and only top universities such as “985†have been trained; on the other hand, they have also been trained by domestic talents. There are still some problems with the institutional mechanism.
He mentioned that currently the assessment of computer talents in domestic universities and scientific research institutions mostly uses published papers as the main evaluation criteria. Compared with big data, artificial intelligence and other application fields, the chip researches papers in areas where such trial and error costs are very high. It is even more difficult to make original invention patents, so there are fewer opportunities to be selected for the National Outstanding Youth Fund.
Zhang Yongfeng, associate professor of Dalian Neusoft Institute of Information, bluntly stated that the talent assessment system in the IT field should be changed. "We can't put all majors across the board, especially the assessment of national titles and performance appraisals." He believes that in the field of chips, China is already lagging behind European and American countries. It will not be able to generate a lot of achievements and earn a lot of money in a short period of time. The evaluation of talents is just like other fields, only looking at academic papers and performance theory. There may be many people who leave this field and choose better-paying jobs.
He believes that higher education in China should strengthen the cultivation of engineer culture. "Everyone is not paying much attention to engineering because it is a paper, and it does not pay much attention to engineering. It feels that engineering is a relatively low-grade thing. In the field of chip R&D, engineers are the key factor in determining whether chip design innovation can be landed." Zhang Yongfeng suggested: With reference to the mature experience of Europe and the United States, a nationwide unified learning and practice platform with integrated circuit design and manufacturing is established to provide integrated circuit design EDA tools, process libraries, and even experimental platforms. National integrated circuit related students can apply for the resources on this platform. This will improve the quality of personnel training from the basics and reduce the duplication of resources between universities. Like some mature integrated circuit technology, it can be completely shared on the platform for students to learn. â€
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